T.S.Eliot 's Poem - ' The Waste Land'

Welcome readers ! Here I am going to Write down one another blog. In this Particular blog I am going to write and discuss about T.S.Eliot's Poem - ' The Waste land.' This blog is inspired by Dr.Dilip sir barad - Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. 

   In this Poem one can find so many References, Allusions and myths. So it is very much difficult to understand it in a Proper way and as we know that Modernist literature also considered as - ' Esoteric literature.'  T.S.Eliot' s poem - ' The Waste land' is one of them. Click here to know more  about this Poem.

                  ' The Waste Land ' :- 

    ' The Waste Land ' is a Poem written  by T.S.Eliot. This Poem widely regarded as one of the most important poems of 20th century and a central work of Modernist poetry. Before going into further discussion, First let us have a look at general understanding of the poem and a brief overview about the Poet itself.

                  ' About  T. S. Eliot :- ' 

  T. S. Eliot (1888 - 1965 ) full name Thomas Stearns Eliot OM was a poet, Essayist, Publisher, Playwright, literary critic and editor. He considered one of the 20th century major poets. He is a central figure in English language Modernist poetry. T. S. Eliot received Nobel prize in literature in the year 1948 for his " Outstanding, Pioneer contributions to Present day poetry ".

  

    In the Year 1910 and 1911 , While still a college student he wrote ' The Love song of J.Alfred Prufrock ' Published in Poetry magazine , and other poems by T.S.Eliot that are landmarks in the history of modern literature. In the Year - 1964 , he awarded the Presidential medal of the freedom. Despite his enduring popularity Eliot and his work have been criticized ad having Prejudiced views, Particularly anti - semitism. 

Eliot has been one of the most daring innovators of twentieth century poetry. He never compromises either with the public or indeed with language itself.  He has followed his belief that ; 

  

     " Poetry should  aim at a representation of  the Complexities of  modern civilization  in language and that such representation necessarily leads to difficult poetry." 

T. S.Eliot died on January 4 , 1965. 

      

           ' About  the Poem :- ' 

' The Waste land ' long poem by T. S.Eliot Published in the Year 1922, first in  London in the Criterion ( October ) , Next in new york city in The Dial ( November) and finally in book form , with footnotes by Eliot. This poem consists total 433 lines and divided into Five parts. 

   T. S. Eliot dedicated this poem to fellow poet - Ezra pound , who helped condense the original manuscript to nearly half its size. It was one of the most influential works of the 20th century. The poem initially met with controversy as its complex and erudite style was alternately denounced for its Obscurity and  Praised for its modernism. 

  The Five parts of The Waste land are entitled as :- 

  1. The Burial of the Dead

2. A Game of  chess 

 3. The Fire sermon

 4. Death by water

 5. What the Thunder said 

So, These are the five different sections in

which the entire poem is divided. 

' General  Understanding of the poem :- ' 

Let us try to understand the poem through each section that what the poet wants to convey us through his masterpiece of work. 

  Part 1 :- ' The Burial of the Dead :- ' 

The Burial of the Dead means Spiritual decadence and death of the waste landers. For the waste landers, " April is the cruelest month " which brings birth to flowers from the land. These flowers imply re - birth which requires some effort on their part. The waste landers do not wish to put any spritual effort and as such April is unwelcome to them. They however like winter, which is a symbol of Spritual death. 

 Part :- 2 ' A Game of Chess ' :- 

' A Game of Chess ' is the second section of T.S.Eliot 's poem. The title taken from Thomas Middleton's play - ' Women Beware women .' 

 

 This Part of the Poem centered on female sexuality and estrangement of relationships and marriage. The Cupid - a Symbol of sexuality and love. Reference of Philomena came in this part of the poem. Philomena raped by the barbarous king and after that turned into Nightingale. 

  The reference to the game of chess should be noted. chess is considered as an emotionless game. Chess symbolizes sexual manipulation. Love has no meaning here - Lust can hardly be noted. 

  Part :- 3 ' The Fire Sermon :- '

The Fire sermon is the third Section in T.S.Eliot's poem - The waste land. This is the longest part of the poem. The title is taken from a sermon given by Buddha in which he encouraged his followers to give up earthly passion and seek freedom from earthly things.

 This part of the poem gives the idea of Spiritual degradation. 

    Part :- 4 ' Death by Water :- ' 

Death by water is a symbol of Purification and re - birth. In the Poem ' The waste land ' water has become a source of death, because a man leads a life of the senses and in Pursuit of wealth. This is the smallest part of the poem. The title is very significant. Generally, water provides life to all of us. But, here the title suggests that - Death by water. 

         Part :- 5 ' What the Thunder Said :- ' 

 This is the last section of the poem. The poem closes with the repetition of three words which the thunder said - Da, Da,Da means 

Datta :- Be a giver 

Dayadhvam :- Be kind & compassionate

Damyata:- Self - Control, control over one's passion and desires

These are Eliot 's final words of advice to his audience and it's advice he wants us to follow if we 're going to have any hope of moving forward. 

 

Question :- 1 Write about allusions to the Indian thoughts in ' The waste land.'  (Where, How and why are the Indian thoughts referred? ) 

Answer :-   In our Present poem - The waste land T.S.Eliot referred many cultures , myths and Allusions. This poem deals with the theme of universality. We can understand that how T.S.Eliot talked about various cultures and myths at a single time. There are so many themes in the poem. But one of the major and important theme is Sexual perversion and Spiritual degradation. 

   T.S.Eliot 's The Waste land : A Perspective on Indian Thoughts :- 

  Indian thoughts especially Hinduism and Buddhism exercised a conspicuous and impressionable influence on Eliot's mind when he was working upon his Poem - The Waste land. So, that is how Eliot brought Indian thoughts in his poem. The title of the third section of the poem The Fire sermon is derived from the famous sermon of lord Buddha to be assembled priests on the suffering and pains of modern humanity. Lord Buddha chants ; 

  " All things are on Fire / They are on fire of Infatuation:  With birth, old age, death, sorrow , misery, grief  and despair." 

Here In this poem Fire used as metaphor. It symbolises lust. But According to hindu scriptures, there exists a superior fire of Tapa which burns the flames of lust and human soul can enjoy. 

The poem ends with the chanting of Shantih which Eliot drew from Brihadaranyaka upanishad. This upanishad comprises sox chapters which are called Aranyakas. As the upanishad, The Waste land poem delivers a message of salvation for modern humanity from their living death.

In the Upanishad , the message of the thunder is emblematic to figure out the cryptic mode of Prajapati 's teaching to his three kinds of disciples namely - Gods, men and demons. Eliot uses the three Da and reference taken from upanishad. The three Da symbolises as below.

The First Da :- The First Da Symbolises as Datta means ' Be a giver.' 

 The Second Da :- The Second Da symbolises Dayadhvam means Be kind, show some sympathy towards others.

 The Third Da :- The third Da symbolises Damyata means self - control over one's passion and desires.

The poem ends on a positive note with the triple use of the words - ' Shantih , Shantih, Shantih...which T.S.Eliot translated as peace that passes all understanding.

I hope that this blog will be useful to you..

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For whom the Bell Tolls

                        ' Thinking Activity '

        ' For whom the Bell Tolls'

Welcome readers! Here I am going to write down one another blog. This blog is inspired by Yesha Ma'am - Department of English -  Bhavnagar University. This blog is a part of thinking activity. In this particular blog of mine I am going to deal with one question which is - ' In what ways the use of the technique of Flashback Proved useful in the novel ? ' 

     But , Before going further first it is very much necessary to know about a brief overview of the writer and about the novel.

                   ' Ernest Hemingway :-' 

     Ernest Hemingway in full Ernest Miller Hemingway ( 1899 - 1961 ) was an American novelist , Short story writer and Journalist. He was noted both for the intense masculinity of his writing and for his adventurous and widely Publicized life. His Succinct and lucid Prose style exerted a powerful influence on American and British fiction in the 20th century.

    Ernest Hemingway was also an accomplished Journalist and war Correspondent. He Produced most of his works between the mid 1920s and the mid 1950s. He was awarded the ' 1954 Nobel prize in literature. ' Many of his works are considered classics of  ' American literature.' 

             ' The Iceberg Theory :- ' 

The Iceberg theory also known as the theory of omission is a style of writing coined by American writer - Ernest Hemingway. 

   Alternatively Speaking, Ernest Hemingway's Iceberg theory is his Strategy of fiction writing in which most of the story is hidden, much like an iceberg underneath the ocean. The largest portion of an iceberg is Underwater and it subsequently the Strongest Part of the iceberg. In the same way, the strongest part of a Hemingway' s stories are hidden from the reader and if applicable revealed later. 

  Hemingway believed that the application of an iceberg theory created the perfect short story. The more details the writer strips away, the more powerful the story is. 

 So, we can say that the Iceberg theory relates to Ernest Hemingway and his style of writing.

           ' For whom the Bell Tolls ' :- 

' For whom the Bell tolls ' is a novel written by American writer Ernest Hemingway. This novel Originally Published on 21st October in the year 1940. 

  

It tells the story of Robert Jordan - a young American volunteer and Protagonist or we can say main hero of this novel,  who was attached to a Republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish civil war. As a dynamiter he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia. 

 This novel published just after the end of the Spanish civil war - ( 1936 - 1939 ). It is regarded as one of Hemingway's best Works. This novel graphically describes the brutality of the Spanish civil war and is told primarily through the thoughts and experiences of the Protagonist Robert Jordan. 

   It draws on Hemingway's own experiences in Spanish civil war as a reporter for the North American newspaper Alliance. 

   Question - 1 :- In what ways the use of the  technique of  Flashback Proved useful  in ' For Whom the Bell tolls ' ? 

Answer :- Ernest Hemingway used Flashbacks and Flashforward technique in this novel. Hemingway employed this technique to enhance thematic focus. If we talk about the characters of the novel - Pillar's stories of struggle and heroism make their mission all the more Piognant and Place it in an historical context. Robert Jordan 's flashback to a time when his ideals were not tempered by the reality of war highlight his growing sense of disillusionment. His dreams of a future with Maria in Madrid add a bittersweet touch to his Present Predicament and his final death scene in the end.

Moreover, Robert Jordan ruminates on the orders that had been given him by General Golz through a flashback. As a reader we also learns from Pilar about Pablo's past and the changes that have taken place in him. In addition it is through the narrative technique of Flashback that the reader learns about Robert Jordan 's father and Maria' s traumatic experiences. 

  

  Although the novel is essentially told in chronological order, taking place in only a few day, much Background information is also given through flashbacks. In spite of the many flashbacks, the story is easy to follow for it is told in a very simple, straightforward style and is tightly unified by time, character and place. 

  One of the character from the novel - Pillar who spends an extended portion of the story detailing executions in her village during the era of the Spanish civil war. It is one of the most famous examples of flashbacks in literature and a harrowing retelling of the war. 

  Although the stories don't have immediate relevance to the present narrative, Hemingway used these Flashbacks to establish both character and historical context. Through them , we learn more about the setting and the ideals up to which the main character - Robert Jordan believes he has to live. 

   Ernest Hemingway used Flashback technique in this particular novel named :- ' For Whom the Bell tolls. ' The Primary reason for using this technique is because of We can come to know about the Past of the characters. So let's understand this technique from this point of view also. 

   Anselmo :- 

                                       Anselmo is the first member of the Republic guerrillas Robert Jordan meets. He is a thoughtful, highly principled older man who supports Robert Jordan 's offensive on the bridge. Due to his Catholic faith , Anselmo is firmly opposed to killing Fascists. Anselmo has nothing left to lose in his fight for the Republicans. His wife is also dead. Fighting gives him nothing to live and strive for. In short, One can understand that Anselmo helped Robert Jordan to blow up the bridge. 

 

  

   Pilar :- 

                          Pilar is the gypsy and wife of Pablo. She has been with him for several years , and on of the Purposes she serves in the novel is to give the reader  background information. It is through the character of her that we see the beginning of the movement and the way life before the war and the courage of pablo before he went bad. Pilar plays a vital role in the novel. 

Pilar believes that; 

     " Killing is a thing of Ugliness but also a necessity to do during the war." 

At that time she recalls that she was sickened by the violence of the mob and decided to walk away from the square. So we can Clearly Understand that when she recalls everything we come to know about her past also. 

      Maria :- 

                                   The young gentle Maria catches Robert Jordan 's eye from the moment he meets her. She exudes a natural, glowing beauty despite the fact that she has recently suffered a traumatic rape and has had most of her hair shorn off. Ernest Hemingway frequently uses earth Imagery to describe Maria, Comparing her hair to the ' Golden brown of a grain field. ' 

 The Fascists shot both of Maria ' s parents against a wall. Maria's father was the mayor of their town and his last words for the Republicans. Not Only this But Through the technique of Flashback As a reader we can come to know about the rape of Maria, how she lost her parents and about her traumatized situations and experiences.

 Robert Jordan :- 

                                                   As we all know that Robert Jordan is the main hero or we can say Protagonist of the novel - ' For Whom the Bell tolls.' Robert Jordan is very good at what he does and never lets his emotion interference with his work. He is conflicted about his role within the war and within the larger World. Interior dialogues in which he argues with himself  about these conflicts constitute a significant part of the novel. 

Conclusion :- To conclude my answer I would like to say that Ernest Hemingway used the technique of Flashback to know about the insight of Character ' s past. We have also seen some of the Characters from the novel that what happened with them in the Past and how it affecting their present. So Flashbacks technique proved useful in this novel.

I hope that this blog will be useful to you..

 Thanks for visiting..

Frame Study :- The Great Dictator

            ' The Great Dictator' 

Hello readers! This blog is also about the Frame Study. This blog is inspired by Dr.Dilip sir barad. It is a part of our thinking activity. In this particular blog of mine, I will discuss the few frame studies of the movie named:- 'The Great Dictator'. 

                ' Introduction ' :- 

 ' The Great Dictator ' is a 1940 American anti - War Political Satire black comedy film written, directed and Produced by Charlie Chaplin. This film was popular with audiences , becoming Chaplin 's most commercially successful film. Modern critics have praised it as a historically significant film, one of the greatest comedy films ever made and an important work of satire.

The film is obviously a Satire on Adolf Hitler, represented by Adenoid Hynkel, and its story is based on Hynkel looking exactly like ' a Jewish Barber. ' Both the characters are Played by Charlie Chaplin in the movie.

' Main message of the Film ' :- 

Probably the most famous sequence of the movie - ' The Great Dictator ' is the last five minute speech that concludes the film. Charlie Chaplin speaks directly to the world, Conveying his view by saying that ; 

 

   " people must rise up against dictators and unite in peace." 

That is the main message of the film what Charlie Chaplin exactly want to tell us through his Film - ' The Great Dictator.' 

  ' What  is  Frame  Study  :- ' 

In cinematography, Framing refers to the 'way elements are arranged in the Frame.' 

In Frame is the term used by Screenwriters to indicate the entrance of a Person or the thing into a framed shot. So Frame Study one of the important element in film screening.

  Let's discuss Few Frames of  the Film:- 

         Frame :- 1  ' Beginning of  the Film' :- 

  

    The Film begins with this Frame. It is a time between the two world wars. In this film , Jewish Barber fights as a Patriotic, although ineffective, Tomanian soldier. Using this Particular Frame Charlie Chaplin reminds the audience of the horror of war and the senselessness of destruction.

     Frame :- 2  ' Dictatorship' 

   The greatest moment on Charlie Chaplin's satire on Hitler and the rise of dictators is the scene in which Hynkel performs a dance with a globe of the world. This Particular Scene which stands with the very best set pieces of Charlie Chaplin's silent films.

    This Frame in the movie can be clearly scene as a wonderful symbol of his maniacal dream of possessing the world for his pleasure. Yet, when he believes he has it within his grasp, the bubble literally bursts.

 

 This is Chaplin 's symbolic comment on the Futility of the Dictator 's aspirations and reflects his optimistic belief that dictators will never succeed. That is how Charlie Chaplin Satirizes on Adolf Hitler and Dictatorship which prevailing during that time and how Jewish people had to suffer a lot because of the Dictatorship.

This Frame suggest that " How Dictators plays with the People or with the Peace of the World. " 

Frame :- 3  ' False Show - Off ' 

 

  This Frame shows that how Hynkel Playing with children. Here,  Hynkel  which allegorically represents Hitler. By using this Frame Chaplin Satirizes the Political leaders that how they used children for only their sake. AS if they are very much worried and concern about them. But, as we all know that reality is totally different from what we actually seen.

 From this Frame which Chaplin used we can understand that how stage drama and all kinds of gimmicks were there.

 We can also relate this things in today's time also that Political leaders are exactly doing the same thing. Through this film Charlie Chaplin Satirizes on ' false show - off ' of the things during that time.

   Frame :-  4 ' Value of Art and Artist :- ' 

 This Frame shows the Value of Art and Artist. But In this Film - ' The Great Dictator ' Charlie Chaplin Satirize it in a bit different way. When dictator became free from his work or routine he goes towards the artist to check that how much work is completed by them ? 

At that time Artist have to make the sculpture or drawing of the Dictator.

 So , one can very easily understand that Charlie Chaplin Satirize it by saying that ; 

   " How artists were also in Control of Dictators."

Frame :- 5 ' Depression :- ' 

This Frame suggest that it was the time of great depression. Dictators were in Power. As we know that it was the Period of world wars and that is why Depression was there during that time. We can also find the situations of war and due to that the Depression was also prevailing in the era of 20th century.

                        Frame :- 6  ' Final Speech ' 

  In the film - ' The Great Dictator ' last speech given by Jewish Barber. That speech was very much important and message given by him. That last 5 minute speech in the movie concludes the entire film. Charlie Chaplin speaks directly to the world. Here are some important lines from the movie - ' The Great Dictator ' :- 

 ' Greed has made our world poisonous.' 

' Liberty will never perish.' 

 ' Fight for liberty  , not  for  Slavery.'

' To live by each other 's happiness not by each other 's misery.' 

Conclusion:- To conclude we can understand this Frames in  both the movies of Charlie Chaplin. Both the films played very vital role in understanding the social and economic conditions of the 20th century era.

 { Frames :- 06 }

 { Videos :- 02 } 

 I hope that this blog will be helpful to you in understanding the Zeitgeist ( Spirit of the time ) of 20th century era.

 Click here to view my another blog on Frame Study of ' The Modern Times '.

 

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William Butler Yeats 's poems

                         ' Thinking Activity ' :- 

' W. B.Yeats 's Poems ' :- 

Hello readers! Here , I am going to write down an another blog. This blog is inspired by Dr.Dilip sir barad as a part of our thinking activity. In this Particular blog of mine, I am going to discuss two major poems by W.B.Yeats on the basis of my understanding.

     William Butler Yeats :- 

 

  William Butler Yeats ( 1865 - 1939 ) is widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the 20th century. He belonged to the Protestant, Anglo - Irish minority that had controlled the economic, Political , Social and Cultural life of Ireland since at least the end of the 17th century.

    Most members of this minority considered themselves English people who happened to have been born in Ireland, but W.B.Yeats staunchly affirmed his Irish nationality.

   His fellow poet - W.H.Auden noted in a 1948 ' Kenyon Review essay ' entitled ' Yeats as an example ' . William Butler Yeats has written ' Some of the most beautiful poetry of modern times." In the year 1885 an important year in Yeats 's early adult life , his poetry was published for the first time in the 'Dublin University Review.' He began his Important interest in ' Occultism.' 

Occultism means :- ' Belief in the existence of secret , mysterious or supernatural agencies.' 

 William Butler Yeats received the Nobel prize for literature in the year - 1923.

                 ' His major Poems ' :- 

William Butler Yeats has written so many Poems. But Following are some of his major Poems that includes; 

  (1) . ' A Prayer for my Daughter' 

  (2).  ' The Stolen Child ' 

  (3).  ' When You are old ' 

  (4). ' The Second Coming ' 

  (5). ' On being asked for a war Poem ' 

  (6). ' Death ' 

   (7). ' Easter , 1916 ' 

   (8).  ' A Cradle Song ' 

 All these Poems can be truly Considered as the major Poems by William Butler Yeats. Here, I will discuss two major Poems of W.B.Yeats. The First one is ' The Stolen Child.' which is given as below.

        ' The  Stolen  Child  :- ' 

Where dips the rocky highland 

Of sleuth wood in the lake,

There lies a leafy island 

Where flapping herons wake 

The drowsy water rats ; 

There we've hid our faery vats,

Full of berrys 

And if reddest stolen cherries.

Come away , O human child! 

 To the waters and the wild 

With a faery , hand in hand , 

For the world 's more full of 

 Weeping than you can understand.

 

   Where the wave of moonlight glosses 

   The dim gray sanda with light, 

   Far off by furthest rosses 

  We foot it all the night,

  Weaving olden dances 

   Mingling hands and mingling glances 

   Till the moon has taken flight; 

   To and Fro we leap 

   And chase the frothy bubbles, 

    While the world is full of troubles

    And anxious in its sleep.

   Come away , O human child! 

  To the waters and the wild 

  With a faery , hand in hand,

   For the world 's more full of 

   Weeping than you can understand

   Where the wandering water gushes 

   From the hills above Glen - car, 

   In pools among the rushes 

   That scarce could bathe a star, 

   We seek for Slumbering trout 

    And Whispering in their ears 

    Give them unquiet dreams ; 

     Leaning softly out 

  From ferns that drop their tears 

  Over the young streams.

   Come away, O human child! 

  To the waters and the wild

  With a faery , hand in hand , 

   For the world 's more full of 

   Weeping than you can understand.

    

    Away with us he 's going, 

   The solemn - eyed : 

    He' ll hear no more the lowing 

    Of the calves on the warm hillside 

     Or the kettle on the hob

      Sing Peace into his breast , 

      Or see the brown nice bob 

     Round and round the oatmeal chest.

For he comes, the human child,

To the waters and the wild

With a faery, hand in hand ,

For the world 's more full of 

Weeping than he can understand.

                       Introduction :- 

' The Stolen Child ' poem written by William Butler Yeats. The poem was written in 1886 and is considered to be one of Yeats 's more notable early work of poems. This poem based on Irish legend and concerns faeries beguiling a child to come away with them. Yeats had a great interest in Irish mythology about faeries. This poem reflects the early influence of Romantic literature and Pre - Raphaelite verse.

                       Key - Facts of the Poem :-  

   Poem :- ' The Stolen Child' 

   Poet :- William Butler Yeats

   Written in :- 1886 

    Publishing Year :- 1889

    Published in :- ' The wandering of oisin and Other Poems.' 

   Total stanzas :- Four 

    Total lines :- 53 

     Tone :- Dark and melancholy tone.

                             Synopsis :- 

The poem starts with the landscape appreciation, describing the beauty of it, using the deployment of apt words. The places are filled with berries and cherries which the child could enjoy. Now she tries to persuade the child to come along with her saying that life together with the faeries in the forests and lakes will be much more fun than ever before because the world where the child is presently living is always full of grief and sorrow.

  Here, we can consider those words of faery as the words from the Poet describing how he has recognised the world as. A human child will be more comfortable in a place of fantasy fantasy than the world of reality which always is in misery.

    ' The Human and the non - human : The use of Contrast in W.B.yeats 's Poem - ' The Stolen Child :- ' 

W.B.Yeats 's Poem - ' The Stolen Child ' is inspired by the folk tradition and it represents two distinctive world - The human and non - human which is inhabited by fairies and other magical creatures. W.B.yeats uses these two worlds in contrast and some parts of the poem suggest that it is the magical world of fairies that is more appealing and Positive one. But when closely examined , this idea is not supported by the textual evidence and the positive character of the fairy land is atleast doubtful. 

   In this poem the Poet William Butler Yeats uses various constructive imagery that he connects with two distinctive worlds.

  

   1. The Human world

    2. The Magical world

At the beginning of the Poem, the human world seems to be a negative place and the contrast helps to promote the world of the fairies as it's more pleasant. But at the same time we also have to remember that there will always be some kinds of Imagery things and temptations which Persuade us. Because we feel more comfort and pleasant in fantasy or magical world rather than the real human world. At the end we all can not live in fantasy or imagination forever. As we all know that human world and real world will remain forever.

             Structure of  the  Poem :- 

' The Stolen Child ' structured into Four Stanzas and it Consists 53 lines with a basic ABAB rhyming scheme. Each of the first three stanzas ends with an invitation to the titular child to ' Come away ' to the scene described in the Poem. The last four lines of each of the first through third stanzas actually repeat the exact lines.

  " Come away, O human child! 

To the waters and and the wild

With a faery hand in hand, For the world's more full of weeping than you can understand.' 

         Major Themes of the Poem :- 

Following are some important and major themes of the poem.

  • Childhood

• Freedom

• Escape

• Society

• Saving From child 's innocence 

                 

Conclusion :- To conclude we can understand that the World of sorrows always has a thirst for fantasy may be unreal as such. Through the poem W.B.Yeats is trying to express his regret towards the Sorrowful and troublesome life of this world. The lack of integrity and affinity along with the troublesome life makes even the common people wish for a world of fantasy and no place for stress and strain.

      " When  You  are  old :- " 

Now let's discuss another poem written by William Butler Yeats. Which is given as below.

When you are old and grey and full of sleep ,

And nodding by the fire , take down this book,

And slowly read , and dream of soft look 

Your eyes had once , and of their shadows deep;

How many loved your moments of glad grace , 

And also loved your beauty with love false or true,

But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,

And loved the sorrows of your changing face ; 

And bending down beside the glowing bars,

Murmur a little sadly how love fled,

And Paced upon the mountains overhead 

And his hid face amid a crowd of stars.

                            Introduction :- 

' When you are old ' Poem Written by William Butler Yeats. It is probably the earliest of Yeats 's truly great poems , written in the year - 1891 when he was still in his mind twenties and published the following year. The main and major theme of the poem is Unrequited love.The voice of the poet is intensely Personal, addressed to someone with whom he is closely familiar.

  William Butler Yeats dedicated this poem to Maud gonne Who considered as the love of his life and that is how he has written this Poem.

      An Interpretation of the Poem :- 

The speaker of the lyric addresses his beloved saying that when she is matured she should read a specific book which will help her to remember her childhood. She will all the people who had cherished her elegance and her excellence with either true or false love , and furthermore that exclusive who had adored her spirit unequivocally as she developed old and the manner in which she looked changed.

   The poem is full of a lover 's passion, intense feelings and spirituality. It conveys a message that true love is indestructible and constant.

 

    ' The Relationship between Maud gonne and W.B.Yeats :- ' 

 The great love of the life of the Irish poet William Butler Yeats was the Irish actress and revolutionary Maud gonne , equally famous for her intense nationalist politics and her beauty.

Maud was a strong influence on Yeats's poetry. He proposed to her on many occasions but always met with rejection. She maintained perhaps as an excuse that his unrequited love contributed to the effectiveness of his writing. The sentiments expressed in the Poem - ' When you are old ' suggest that it was written with her in mind.

    ' Structure of the Poem :- ' 

The Poem consists of three stanzas  and each stanza containing Four lines. The rhyme scheme of the poem is very distinctive and steady. The first stanza is abba, the second is cddc, and third is effe. Yeats used this closed rhyming pattern for emphasizing the idea of each stanza.

  Hence, Yeats wrote the poem in Iamabic pentameter.Apart from that , the rising rhythm is used for depicting the passion that the Speaker still has in his heart for his beloved.

               Major Themes  of  the  Poem :- 

• Unrequited love 

• Rejection

• Reality of passing time 

• Brevity of life 

• Human nature

 Conclusion:- To conclude I would like to say that Both the Poems written by William Butler Yeats. I have tried my best to analyse both  the poems  from the  Poet 's point of view. Thus one can understand that he was an important literary Figure of the 20th century era who marked the great influence upon  the  readers. 

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