Movements of the 20th century

                   ' Thinking Activity '

      ' Trends and Movements ' 

Hello readers! Here, I am going to write down one another blog about Trends and movements of the early 20th century. This blog is inspired by Yesha Ma'am - Department of English  Bhavnagar University. This blog is a part of our thinking activity. 

  In this blog , I will discuss Surrealism, Dadaism and Expressionism with the ideas of some creative works done by me and my classmates. 

    Introduction :- 

             The early 20th century was marked by rapid industrial , economic, social and cultural change which influenced the worldwide of many and set the stage for new artistic movements. 

          With the outbreak of world war - | in the year 1914 , Art became heavily influenced by the desire to abstract life and escape the horrific Possibilities of the human condition. Artists began to question and play around with themes of reality, Perspective , space and time. One can Understand that the 20th century saw a new era of visual artists who challenged the precedent art styles. 

  Here I will discuss some - isms :- 

  1.  Surrealism

  2.  Dadaism

  3. Expressionism

 Now let us discuss about these in detail with the help of some interesting photographs of classroom activities.

 1. Surrealism :- 

   ■ Definition

   ■ Origins of the Surrealist movement

   ■ key Characteristics of surrealism 

   ■ Major Surrealist artists

   Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of world war - l in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the uncinscious mind to express itself. It Produced works of Painting, writing, theatre, film making, Photography and other media. Works of surrealism feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtaposition.

  The movement represeted a reaction against what its members saw as the destruction wrought by the rationalism that had guided European culture and politics in the horrors of world war- l.

  ☆ Definition of Surrealism :- 

According to Merriam Webster Dictionary of English language ; 

        " surrealism means, the Principles, ideals or Practice of Producing Fantastic or incongrous imagery or effets in art, literature, film or theatre by means of unnatural or irrational Juxtaposition and Combitions." 

☆ Origins of the Surrealist movement:- 

 Surrealist movement originated in the late 1910s and early 20s as a literary movement that experimented with a new mode of expression called automatic writing or automatism, which sought to release the unbridled imagination of the subconscious.

  Officially consecrated in paris in 1924 with the publication of the Menifesto of Surrealism by the poet and critic Andre Breton ( 1896 - 1966). Surrealism became an international intellectual and political movement. 

  ☆ Key Characteristics of  Surrealism:- 

 1. Dream like scenes and symbolic images.

 2. Unexpected, illogical Juxtaposition. 

 3. Automatism and a spirit of Sponataneity.

 4. Personal iconography.

 5. Distorted figures.

 6. Primitive designs.

 - In surrealism, the artists writers down their own thoughts without any stopping or structure. That is called Automatic writing.

 - The Juxtaposition of the forms in a surrealist painting is usually showing imagery to put irrelevant objects together.

 - Surrealists try to put association between the two objects of surrealism.  Using the unconscious and rendering these associations with such Juxtaposition.

 - A key Characteristics of surrealism is that the artist relies on their unconscious, but the reality and the conscious combines together.

 ☆ Major Surrealist artists :- 

 The movement of surrealism became widely popular in literature. Here are the names of the major artists of the movement named surrealism. 

    ● Andre Breton

    ● Salvador Dali

    ● De chirico

   ● Robert Desnos

   ● Marcel Duchamp

  ☆ My Surreal Drawings :- 

  

2. Dadaism :- 

■ Introduction 

■ Definition of Dadaism 

 ■ Historical context

■ Foundings of the movement 

■ Characteristics of Dadaism 

 ■ Dada Artists

 Dada is one of the most unconventional and Avante - garde art and cultural movements of the 20th century.  Prompted by the European social climate following the first world war, Dadaism rejected wartime politics, culture and capitalist economic system. In essence Dadaism offered nihilistic and anti - rationalist critiques. It using non traditional materials, satire. Dada Artists turned the known into the unknown.

 The movement arose as a reaction to the nationalism that many believed resulted in the war. The powerful influence of Dadaism spread quickly throughout Europe and the united states with each city forming its own group. Dadaism found influence in several other avante garde movements of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

  ◇ Definition of Dadaism  :- 

 According to Merriam Webster Dictionary of English language ; 

   " Dadaism means, A movement in art and literature based on deliberate irrationality and negation of traditional artistic values."

◇ Historical Context of Dadaism :- 

The Dada movement was formally founded in zurich in 1916, by a group of artists and Poets who rejected the violence of the first world war and the absurdity of modern capitalist society, seeking refuge in Switzerland. This movement became international at the end of the war spreading to Germany, France and the united states.

  ◇ Foundings of the movement :- 

   Hago Ball was the the founder of Dadaism movement.  He was a German author, poet and founders of this movement at zurich in 1916.

 

   ◇ Characteristics of Dadaism :-

   The main Characteristics of Dadaism are the following. 

  1. It emerged as a protest against the conventions of the time.

 2. They were characterized by an attitude of mockery and humour and were based on absurd things and on what had no value.

 3. They used ways of expression full of Satire and Ironh and used gestures to incite provocation. 

 4. The poems that emerged from Dadaism were illogical or could not be understood. 

◇ Dada Artists :- 

  ○ Marcel Duchamp 

   ○ Picasso

    ○ Chirico

    ○ Andre Breton 

     ○ Max Ennest 

    ◇ Dada Poem :- 

 As a part of Classroom activities in which yesha Ma'am gave one task to us. So For that I tried my best to create one Dada Poetry with the cuttings of some newspaper. 

 

 Expressionism :- 

 Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. Expressionist artists have sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality.

 Expressionistic art tends to be emotional and unnatural. The warped or twisted images are meant to represent the artist’s feelings, not the external world. 

Expressionism influenced an entire movement of creators. It is most often seen on canvas, but it has also sparked influence in film and literature.

   ◇ Classwork on Expressionism :- 

  ◇ Classroom work on Surrealism :-

  I hope that this blog will be helpful to you..

  Thanks for Visiting..